Separate claim and evidence
Ask which statements are conclusions and which are support.
Check assumptions
Consider what must be true for the argument to work.
Look for alternatives
Think about other explanations before settling on one.
Use proportionate conclusions
Match the strength of a conclusion to the quality and amount of evidence.
Practical takeaway
Choose one idea from this article and apply it during your next learning session. Small, repeatable improvements are easier to maintain than complicated routines.